Data types, variables and constants; functions scopes, namespaces, and headers; operators; the preprocessor and comments; keyword summary; the standard C.input./Output functions; the C string and character functions; the mathematical functions; C's time, date and localization functions; the C dynamic allocation functions; miscellaneous C functions; the old-style C++ input/output system; the standard C++ input/output system; the C++ standard template library (STL); C++ strings and exceptions; C99 enhancements.