Quantum Electrodynamics

Several significant additions have been made to the second edition, including the operator method of calculating the bremsstrahlung cross-section, the calcualtion of the probabilities of photon-induced pair production and photon decay in a magnetic field, the asymptotic form of the scattering amplitudes at high energies, inelastic scattering of electrons by hadrons, and the transformation of electron-positron pairs into hadrons.

1;Front Cover;1 2;Quantum Electrodynamics: Course of Theoretical Physics ;4 3;Copyright Page;5 4;PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION;6 5;FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION;8 6;TABLE OF CONTENTS;10 7;NOTATION;14 8;INTRODUCTION;18 8.1;1. The uncertainty principle in the relativistic case;18 9;CHAPTER I. PHOTONS;22 9.1;2. Quantization of the free electromagnetic field;22 9.2;3. Photons;27 9.3;4. Gauge invariance;29 9.4;5. The electromagnetic field in quantum theory;31 9.5;6. The angular momentum and parity of the photon;33 9.6;7. Spherical waves of photons;36 9.7;8. The polarization of the photon;41 9.8;9. A two-photon system;46 10;CHAPTER II. BOSONS;50 10.1;10. The wave equation for particles with spin zero;50 10.2;11. Particles and antiparticles;54 10.3;12. Strictly neutral particles;58 10.4;13. The transformations C, P and T;61 10.5;14. The wave equation for a particle with spin one;67 10.6;15. The wave equation for particles with higher integral spins;70 10.7;16. Helicity states of a particle;72 11;CHAPTER III. FERMIONS;79 11.1;17. Four-dimensional spinors;79 11.2;18. The relation between spinors and 4-vectors;81 11.3;19. Inversion of spinors;85 11.4;20. Dirac's equation in the spinor representation;90 11.5;21. The symmetrical form of Dirac's equation;92 11.6;22. Algebra of Dirac matrices;97 11.7;23. Plane waves;101 11.8;24. Spherical waves;105 11.9;25. The relation between the spin and the statistics;108 11.10;26. Charge conjugation and time reversal of spinors;111 11.11;27. Internal symmetry of particles and antiparticles;116 11.12;28. Bilinear forms;118 11.13;29. The polarization density matrix;123 11.14;30. Neutrinos;128 11.15;31. The wave equation for a particle with spin 3/2;132 12;CHAPTER IV. PARTICLES IN AN EXTERNAL FIELD;135 12.1;32. Dirac's equation for an electron in an external field;135 12.2;33: Expansion in powers of 1/c;139 12.3;34. Fine structure of levels of the hydrogen atom;143 12.4;35. Motion in a centrally symmetric field;145 12.5;36. Motion in a
Coulomb field;150 12.6;37. Scattering in a centrally symmetric field;157 12.7;38. Scattering in the ultra-relativistic case;159 12.8;39. The continuous-spectrum wave functions for scattering in a Coulomb field;161 12.9;40. An electron in the field of an electromagnetic plane wave;165 12.10;41. Motion of spin in an external field;168 12.11;42. Neutron scattering in an electric field;174 13;CHAPTER V. RADIATION;176 13.1;43. The electromagnetic interaction operator;176 13.2;44. Emission and absorption;178 13.3;45. Dipole radiation;181 13.4;46. Electric multipole radiation;183 13.5;47. Magnetic multipole radiation;188 13.6;48. Angular distribution and polarization of the radiation;190 13.7;49. Radiation from atoms: the electric type;198 13.8;50. Radiation from atoms: the magnetic type;203 13.9;51. Radiation from atoms: the Zeeman and Stark effects;206 13.10;52. Radiation from atoms: the hydrogen atom;209 13.11;53. Radiation from diatomic molecules: electronic spectra;214 13.12;54. Radiation from diatomic molecules: vibrational and rotational spectra;220 13.13;55. Radiation from nuclei;222 13.14;56. The photoelectric effect: non-relativistic case;224 13.15;57. The photoelectric effect: relativistic case;229 13.16;58. Photodisintegration of the deuteron;233 14;CHAPTER VI. SCATTERING OF RADIATION;238 14.1;59. The scattering tensor;238 14.2;60. Scattering by freely oriented systems;248 14.3;61. Scattering by molecules;254 14.4;62. Natural width of spectral lines;257 14.5;63. Resonance fluorescence;261 15;CHAPTER VII. THE SCATTERING MATRIX;264 15.1;64. The scattering amplitude;264 15.2;65. Reactions involving polarized particles;269 15.3;66. Kinematic invariants;273 15.4;67. Physical regions;275 15.5;68. Expansion in partial amplitudes;281 15.6;69. Symmetry of helicity scattering amplitudes;285 15.7;70. Invariant amplitudes;291 15.8;71. The unitarity condition;295 16;CHAPTER VIII. INVARIANT PERTURBATION THEORY;300 16.1;72. The chronological product;300 16.2;73. Feynman diagr
ams for electron scattering;303 16.3;74. Feynman diagrams for photon scattering;309 16.4;75. The electron propagator;312 16.5;76. The photon propagator;317 16.6;77. General rules of the diagram technique;321 16.7;78. Crossing invariance;328 16.8;79. Virtual particles;329 17;CHAPTER IX. INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS;334 17.1;80. Scattering of an electron in an external field;334 17.2;81. Scattering of electrons and positrons by an electron;338 17.3;82. Ionization losses of fast particles;347 17.4;83. Breit's equation;353 17.5;84. Positronium;360 17.6;85. The interaction of atoms at large distances;364 18;CHAPTER X. INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH PHOTONS;371 18.1;86. Scattering of a photon by an electron;371 18.2;87. Scattering of a photon by an electron. Polarization effects;376 18.3;88. Two-photon annihilation of an electron pair;385 18.4;89. Annihilation of positronium;388 18.5;90. Synchrotron radiation;393 18.6;91. Pair production by a photon in a magnetic field;403 18.7;92. Electronnucleus bremsstrahlung. The non-relativistic case;406 18.8;93. Electronnucleus bremsstrahlung. The relativistic case;417 18.9;94. Pair production by a photon in the field of a nucleus;427 18.10;95. Exact theory of pair production in the ultra-relativistic case;430 18.11;96. Exact theory of bremsstrahlung in the ultra-relativistic case;436 18.12;97. Electronelectron bremsstrahlung in the ultra-relativistic case;443 18.13;98. Emission of soft photons in collisions;448 18.14;99. The method of equivalent photons;455 18.15;100. Pair production in collisions between particles;461 18.16;101. Emission of a photon by an electron in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave;466 19;CHAPTER XI. EXACT PROPAGATORS AND VERTEX PARTS;473 19.1;102. Field operators in the Heisenberg representation;473 19.2;103. The exact photon propagator;476 19.3;104. The self-energy function of the photon;482 19.4;105. The exact electron propagator;485 19.5;106. Vertex parts;489 19.6;107. Dyson's equations;493 19.7;108. War
d's identity;495 19.8;109. Electron propagators in an external field;498 19.9;110. Physical conditions for renormalization;504 19.10;111. Analytical properties of photon propagators;510 19.11;112. Regularization of Feynman integrals;513 20;CHAPTER XII. RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS;518 20.1;113. Calculation of the polarization operator;518 20.2;114. Radiative corrections to Coulomb's law;521 20.3;115. Calculation of the imaginary part of the polarization operator from the Feynman integral;525 20.4;116. Electromagnetic form factors of the electron;530 20.5;117. Calculation of electron form factors;534 20.6;118. Anomalous magnetic moment of the electron;538 20.7;119. Calculation of the mass operator;541 20.8;120. Emission of soft photons with non-zero mass;546 20.9;121. Electron scattering in an external field in the second Born approximation;551 20.10;122. Radiative corrections to electron scattering in an external field;557 20.11;123. Radiative shift of atomic levels;561 20.12;124. Radiative shift of mesic-atom levels;568 20.13;125. The relativistic equation for bound states;569 20.14;126. The double dispersion relation;576 20.15;127. Photonphoton scattering;583 20.16;128. Coherent, scattering of a photon in the field of a nucleus;590 20.17;129. Radiative corrections to the electromagnetic field equations;592 20.18;130. Photon splitting in a magnetic field;602 20.19;131. Calculation of integrals over four-dimensional regions;609 21;CHAPTER XIII. ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAE OF QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS;614 21.1;132. Asymptotic form of the photon propagator for large momenta;614 21.2;133. The relation between unrenormalized and actual charges;618 21.3;134. Asymptotic form of the scattering amplitudes at high energies;620 21.4;135. Separation of the double-logarithmic terms in the vertex operator;625 21.5;136. Double-logarithmic asymptotic form of the vertex operator;631 21.6;137. Double-logarithmic asymptotic form of the electronmuon scattering amplitude;633 22;CHAPTER XIV. ELECTRODYNA
MICS OF HADRONS;641 22.1;138. Electromagnetic form factors of hadrons;641 22.2;139. Electronhadron scattering;646 22.3;140. The low-energy theorem for bremsstrahlung;649 22.4;141. The low-energy theorem for photonhadron scattering;652 22.5;142. Multipole moments of hadrons;655 22.6;143. Inelastic electronhadron scattering;660 22.7;144. Hadron formation from an electron-positron pair;662 23;INDEX;666