Frederick Hale (born 1948) graduated from Macalester College in 1969 and was awarded master's degrees at Harvard University, the University of Minnesota, and the The John Hopkins University. He received his Doctor of Philosophy at John Hopkins in 1976. In addition to Swedes in Wisconsin he has written five books in the field of Scandinavian immigration and has contributed articles to historical, literary, and theological journals in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Africa, and the United States.