Questions and Answers

In almost all principled accounts of questions questions are related to the corresponding answers. Zellig Harris (Harris 1978:1), for example, maintains that" . . . all interrogative sentences can be derived, by means of the independently established transformations of the language, from sentences which assert that someone is asking about a disjunction of statements which are the relevant possible answers to that interroga tive." This amounts to the claim that a yes-no question such as Will John stay? is derived from I ask you whether John will stay and a wh question such as Who came is derived from something like I ask you whether A came or B came or . . . or X came . . Though in generative grammar interrogatives are not derived from the corresponding declaratives, the semantic interpretation of questions is akin to the syntactic source of questions posited by Harris. Jerrold J. Katz and Paul M. Postal (Katz-Postal 1964:113-117) state a reading rule for Q, the interrogative constituent, which boils down to (1) in the case of yes-no questions and to (2) in the case of wh-questions. (1) Tell me which of the following is true: John will stay or John will not stay. (2) Tell me which of the following is true: A came or B came or . . . or X came. Thus, the semantic interpretation of questions makes reference to the set of possible answers represented here by a disjunction of statements.

On the Tell Me Truly Approach to the Analysis of Interrogatives. - The Epistemic Meaning of Questions and Statements. - What Answers Can Be Given? . - On Some Aspects of Presuppositions of Questions. - The Syntax and Semantics of English Mood. - New Foundations for a Theory of Questions and Answers. - On Questions. - Varieties of Cooperative Responses in Question-Answer Systems. - Questions of Believing. - Relevance of Topic and Focus for Automatic Question Answering. - The Polytext System A New Design for a Text Retrieval System.