JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE (1749-1832) was a German poet, writer, scientist, statesman, and one of the greatest German literary figures. Goethe, the eldest of seven children born in a wealthy Frankfurt family, studied law at the universities of Leipzig and Strasbourg. He wrote novels and poetry, dramas, treatises on botany, and literary criticism, among which are his successful novels The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (1795). Early in his life, Goethe was a member of the Sturm und Drang literary movement, emphasizing free expression of emotions over the restraints of rationalism. Later, Goethe, together with Friedrich Schiller, initiated the Weimar Classicism, a cultural movement based on a synthesis of Romanticism, Classicism, and the Enlightenment.
