Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture

Computer architecture deals with the physical configuration, logical structure, formats, protocols, and operational sequences for processing data, controlling the configuration, and controlling the operations over a computer. It also encompasses word lengths, instruction codes, and the interrelationships among the main parts of a computer or group of computers.

An invaluable and comprehensive resource on computer organization and architecture Typically, instructors of computer organization and architecture courses have had to resort to multiple textbooks as well as supplementary notes to provide students with adequate learning material. Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture provides a more coherent approach by covering all the necessary topics in one single textbook, including:

• Instruction set architecture and design
• Assembly language programming
• Computer arithmetic
• Processing unit design
• Memory system design
• Input-output design and organization
• Pipeline design techniques
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISCs)
• Introduction to multiprocessors

This comprehensive and didactic resource provides an introduction to computer systems, including historical background, to provide a context and framework for concepts and applications developed in subsequent chapters; case examples of real-world computer systems that illuminate key concepts and demonstrate practical applications; and exercises, summaries, references, and further reading recommendations at the end of each chapter.
Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture simplifies course material development for instructors with its comprehensive coverage and helps the readers learn faster thanks to its logical organization, clear style, and practical examples. In addition to being an excellent teaching tool for students, this is a thorough and dependable reference for engineers and programmers.

Preface. 1. Introduction to Computer Systems.
1. 1. Historical Background.
1. 2. Architectural Development & Styles.
1. 3. Technological Development.
1. 4. Performance Measures.
1. 5. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Reading.
2. Instruction Set Architecture & Design.
2. 1. Memory Locations and Operations.
2. 2. Addressing Modes.
2. 3. Instruction Types.
2. 4. Programming Examples.
2. 5. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Reading.
3. Assembly Language Programming.
3. 1. A Simple Machine.
3. 2. Instructions Mnemonics and Syntax.
3. 3. Assembler Directives and Commands.
3. 4. Assembly and Execution of Programs.
3. 5. Example: The X 86 Family.
3. 6. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Reading.
4. Computer Arithmetic.
4. 1. Number Systems.
4. 2. Integer Arithmetic.
4. 3. Floating Point Arithmetic.
4. 4. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Readings.
5. Processing Unit Design.
5. 1. CPU Basics.
5. 2. Register Set.
5. 3. Data Path.
5. 4. The CPU Instruction Cycle.
5. 5. Control Unit.
5. 6. Summary.
Exercises.
References.
6. Memory System Design I.
6. 1. Basic Concepts.
6. 2. Cache Memory.
6. 3. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Readings.
7. Memory System Design II.
7. 1. Main Memory.
7. 2. Virtual Memory.
7. 3. Read-Only Memory.
7. 4. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Readings.
8. Input-Output Design and Organization.
8. 1. Basic Concepts.
8. 2. Programmed I/O.
8. 3. Interrupt-Driven I/O.
8. 4. Direct Memory Access (DMA).
8. 5. Busses.
8. 6. Input-Output Interfaces.
8. 7. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Readings.
9. Pipelining Design Techniques.
9. 1. General Concepts.
9. 2. Instruction Pipeline.
9. 3. Arithmetic pipeline.
9. 4. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Reading.
10. Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISCs).
10. 1. RISC/CISC Evolution Cycle.
10. 2. RISCs Design Principles.
10. 3. Overlapped Register Windows.
10. 4. RISCs Versus CISCs.
10. 5. Pioneer (University) RISC Machines.
10. 6. Example of Advanced RISC Machines.
10. 7. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Readings.
11. Introduction to Multiprocessors.
11. 1. Introduction.
11. 2. Classification of Computer Architectures.
11. 3. SIMD Schemes.
11. 4. MIMD Schemes.
11. 5. Interconnection Networks.
11. 6. Analysis and Performance Metrics.
11. 7. Summary.
Exercises.
References and Further Readings.
Index.