emerging on the surgical scene to challenge or For some readers, the title of this book will im thodoxy. Although these innovations are often mediately raise the question, what exactly is greeted with great optimism, a factual basis for meant by surgical research? In the very broadest that enthusiasm is sometimes far from secure sense the term can be taken to include all en and much further work is frequently required to deavors, however elementary or limited in discover whether we are dealing with genuine scope, to advance surgical knowledge. Ideally, advances or not. it refers to well-organized attempts to establish The most exciting and attractive scenario for on a proper scientific basis, i. e. , to place beyond surgical research is unquestionably one that de reasonable doubt, the truth or otherwise of any picts a successful attempt by a researcher to es concepts, old or new, within the ambit of sur gery, and, of course, anaesthesia. tablish the accuracy of some bold innovation for which he himself is responsible. Joseph Lister, The methods used to achieve that end vary demonstrating by clinical trial that wound sup enormously, depending on the issue being in vestigated.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
I. The Rationale of Surgical Research. - 1. Historical Evolution: Methods, Attitudes, Goals. - 2. Philosophy of Surgical Research. - 3. Roles for the Surgical Investigator. - 4. The Development of the Surgical Investigator. - 5. Facilitating Scholarship: Creating the Atmosphere, Setting, and Teamwork for Research. - II. Starting the Research Process. - 1. Systematically Reviewing Previous Work. - 2. Endpoints for Clinical Studies: Conventional and Innovative Variables. - 3. Statistics Demystified. - 4. Organizing a Clinical Study. - 5. Some Things You Should Know About Computers. - 6. Ten Tips on Preparing Research Proposals. - 7. Critical Appraisal of Published Research. - 8. Ethical Principles in Surgical Research. - III. Selected Strategies of Research. - 1. The Marburg Experiment. - 2. Animal Experimentation. - 3. A Case Study of the Evolution of a Surgical Research Project. - 4. Clinical Research. - 5. Multicentre Collaborative Clinical Trials in Surgical Research. - 6. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Process. - 7. Health Services Research: Focus on Surgery. - 8. Selected Non-Experimental Methods: An Orientation. - IV. Reporting Your Work. - 1. Writing an Effective Abstract. - 2. The Ten-Minute Presentation. - 3. The Longer Talk. - 4. Presenting Your Work at International Meetings. - 5. Chairing Panels, Seminars and Consensus Conferences. - 6. The Poster Session, Audio Visual Aids. - 7. Writing for Publication. - 8. What to Do When You Are Asked to Write a Chapter for a Book. - V. International Perspectives on Surgical Research. - 1. Surgical Research in Canada. - 2. Contributions from France. - 3. Traditions and Transitions in Germany. - 4. Japan s Integration of Eastern Values and Modern Science. - 5. New Initiatives and Ideas in Spain. - 6. Orderly Evolution to a Better Future in Sweden. - 7. The Confluence of Private and Public Resources in Switzerland. - 8. Historical and Organizational Influences Upon Surgical Research in the United Kingdom. - 9. Research Challenges and Solutions in theUnited States. - 10. Common Characteristics and Distinctive Diversity in Surgical Research: An International Analysis. - VI. Opportunities in Surgical Research. - 1. Future Horizons in Surgical Research. - Appendix A. The Declaration of Helsinki. - Appendix B. Books on the Handling and Care of Animals.
