The Open Group Architecture Framework TOGAF Version 9

The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is a framework a detailed method and a set of supporting tools for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum (www. opengroup. org/architecture).
As a comprehensive, open method for enterprise architecture, TOGAF Version 9 complements, and can be used in conjunction with, other frameworks that are more focused on specific aspects of architecture or for vertical sectors such as Government, Defense, and Finance.
TOGAF may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use).
This book is divided into seven main parts :

PART I (Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF.

PART II (Architecture Development Method) This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture.

PART III (ADM Guidelines & Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM.

PART IV (Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables.

PART V (Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise.

PART VI (TOGAF Reference Models) This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM).

PART VII (Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.

1;Part I: Introduction;38 1.1;Chapter 1: Introduction;40 1.1.1;1.1 Structure of the TOGAF Document;40 1.1.2;1.2 Executive Overview;42 1.2;Chapter 2: Core Concepts;46 1.2.1;2.1 What is TOGAF?;46 1.2.2;2.2 What is Architecture in the Context of TOGAF?;46 1.2.3;2.3 What Kind of Architecture Does TOGAF Deal With?;47 1.2.4;2.4 Architecture Development Method;47 1.2.5;2.5 Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks;48 1.2.6;2.6 Enterprise Continuum;50 1.2.7;2.7 Architecture Repository;51 1.2.8;2.8 Establishing and Maintaining an Enterprise Architecture Capability;53 1.2.9;2.9 Establishing the Architecture Capability as an Operational Entity;54 1.2.10;2.10 Using TOGAF with Other Frameworks;55 1.2.11;2.11 TOGAF Document Categorization Model;55 1.3;Chapter 3: Definitions;60 1.4;Chapter 4: Release Notes;78 1.4.1;4.1 Whats New in TOGAF 9?;78 1.4.2;4.2 The Benefits of TOGAF 9;80 1.4.3;4.3 Mapping of the TOGAF 8.1.1 Structure to TOGAF 9;81 1.4.4;4.4 Mapping of TOGAF 9 Structure to TOGAF 8.1.1;82 1.4.5;4.5 Using TOGAF;84 1.4.6;4.6 Why Join The Open Group?;85 2;Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM);86 2.1;Chapter 5: Introduction;88 2.1.1;5.1 ADM Overview;88 2.1.2;5.2 Architecture Development Cycle;90 2.1.3;5.3 Adapting the ADM;93 2.1.4;5.4 Architecture Governance;94 2.1.5;5.5 Scoping the Architecture;95 2.1.6;5.6 Architecture Integration;100 2.1.7;5.7 Summary;102 2.2;Chapter 6: Preliminary Phase;104 2.2.1;6.1 Objectives;105 2.2.2;6.2 Approach;105 2.2.3;6.3 Inputs;112 2.2.4;6.4 Steps;113 2.2.5;6.5 Outputs;116 2.3;Chapter 7: Phase A: Architecture Vision;118 2.3.1;7.1 Objectives;119 2.3.2;7.2 Approach;119 2.3.3;7.3 Inputs;121 2.3.4;7.4 Steps;122 2.3.5;7.5 Outputs;127 2.4;Chapter 8: Phase B: Business Architecture;130 2.4.1;8.1 Objectives;131 2.4.2;8.2 Approach;131 2.4.3;8.3 Inputs;135 2.4.4;8.4 Steps;137 2.4.5;8.5 Outputs;143 2.5;Chapter 9: Phase C: Information Systems Architectures;146 2.5.1;9.1 Objectives;147 2.5.2;9.2 Approach;147 2.5.3;9.3 Inputs;148 2.5.4;9.4 Steps;149
2.5.5;9.5 Outputs;149 2.6;Chapter 10: Phase C: Information Systems Architectures Data Architecture;152 2.6.1;10.1 Objectives;152 2.6.2;10.2 Approach;152 2.6.3;10.3 Inputs;154 2.6.4;10.4 Steps;155 2.6.5;10.5 Outputs;162 2.7;Chapter 11: Phase C: Information Systems Architectures Application Architecture;164 2.7.1;11.1 Objectives;164 2.7.2;11.2 Approach;164 2.7.3;11.3 Inputs;165 2.7.4;11.4 Steps;166 2.7.5;11.5 Outputs;173 2.8;Chapter 12: Phase D: Technology Architecture;174 2.8.1;12.1 Objectives;175 2.8.2;12.2 Approach;175 2.8.3;12.3 Inputs;176 2.8.4;12.4 Steps;177 2.8.5;12.5 Outputs;185 2.8.6;12.6 Postscript;185 2.9;Chapter 13: Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions;186 2.9.1;13.1 Objectives;187 2.9.2;13.2 Approach;187 2.9.3;13.3 Inputs;189 2.9.4;13.4 Steps;190 2.9.5;13.5 Outputs;203 2.10;Chapter 14: Phase F: Migration Planning;204 2.10.1;14.1 Objectives;205 2.10.2;14.2 Approach;205 2.10.3;14.3 Inputs;206 2.10.4;14.4 Steps;208 2.10.5;14.5 Outputs;220 2.11;Chapter 15: Phase G: Implementation Governance;222 2.11.1;15.1 Objectives;223 2.11.2;15.2 Approach;223 2.11.3;15.3 Inputs;224 2.11.4;15.4 Steps;225 2.11.5;15.5 Outputs;228 2.12;Chapter 16: Phase H: Architecture Change Management;230 2.12.1;16.1 Objectives;231 2.12.2;16.2 Approach;231 2.12.3;16.3 Inputs;235 2.12.4;16.4 Steps;237 2.12.5;16.5 Outputs;239 2.13;Chapter 17: ADM Architecture Requirements Management;240 2.13.1;17.1 Objectives;241 2.13.2;17.2 Approach;241 2.13.3;17.3 Inputs;242 2.13.4;17.4 Steps;243 2.13.5;17.5 Outputs;246 3;Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques;248 3.1;Chapter 18: Introduction;250 3.1.1;18.1 Guidelines for Adapting the ADM Process;250 3.1.2;18.2 Techniques for Architecture Development;250 3.2;Chapter 19: Applying Iteration to the ADM;252 3.2.1;19.1 Overview;252 3.2.2;19.2 Iteration Cycles;253 3.2.3;19.3 Two Styles of Architecture Definition;254 3.2.4;19.4 Mapping TOGAF Phases to Iteration Cycles;255 3.3;Chapter 20: Applying the ADM at Different Enterprise Levels;260 3.3.1;20.1 Overview;260 3.3
.2;20.2 Classes of Architecture Engagement;261 3.3.3;20.3 Developing Architectures at Different Levels;264 3.3.4;20.4 ADM Cycle Approaches;264 3.4;Chapter 21: Security Architecture and the ADM;268 3.4.1;21.1 Overview;268 3.4.2;21.2 Introduction;268 3.4.3;21.3 Guidance on Security for the Architecture Domains;269 3.4.4;21.4 ADM Architecture Requirements Management;270 3.4.5;21.5 Preliminary Phase;271 3.4.6;21.6 Phase A: Architecture Vision;272 3.4.7;21.7 Phase B: Business Architecture;274 3.4.8;21.8 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures;277 3.4.9;21.9 Phase D: Technology Architecture;280 3.4.10;21.10 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions;282 3.4.11;21.11 Phase F: Migration Planning;283 3.4.12;21.12 Phase G: Implementation Governance;283 3.4.13;21.13 Phase H: Architecture Change Management;284 3.4.14;21.14 References;285 3.5;Chapter 22: Using TOGAF to Define & Govern SOAs;286 3.5.1;22.1 Overview;286 3.5.2;22.2 Introduction;286 3.5.3;22.3 Business-Led SOA Community;287 3.5.4;22.4 Business- & Developer-Led SOA Communities;287 3.5.5;22.5 Complexities Arising from SOA;289 3.5.6;22.6 How Enterprise Architecture Supports SOA;290 3.5.7;22.7 SOA and TOGAF;291 3.5.8;22.8 Guidelines for Service Contract Definition;295 3.5.9;22.9 Content and Structure of a Service Contract;298 3.5.10;22.10 Service Contract Template;299 3.6;Chapter 23: Architecture Principles;302 3.6.1;23.1 Introduction;302 3.6.2;23.2 Characteristics of Architecture Principles;303 3.6.3;23.3 Components of Architecture Principles;303 3.6.4;23.4 Developing Architecture Principles;304 3.6.5;23.5 Applying Architecture Principles;305 3.6.6;23.6 Example Set of Architecture Principles;306 3.7;Chapter 24: Stakeholder Management;318 3.7.1;24.1 Introduction;318 3.7.2;24.2 Approach to Stakeholder Management;319 3.7.3;24.3 Steps in the Stakeholder Management Process;319 3.7.4;24.4 Template Stakeholder Map;323 3.8;Chapter 25: Architecture Patterns;330 3.8.1;25.1 Introduction;330 3.8.2;25.2 US Treasury Architecture Developme
nt Guidance (TADG);334 3.8.3;25.3 IBM Patterns for e-Business;335 3.8.4;25.4 Some Pattern Resources;337 3.9;Chapter 26: Business Scenarios;338 3.9.1;26.1 Introduction;338 3.9.2;26.2 Benefits of Business Scenarios;339 3.9.3;26.3 Creating the Business Scenario;339 3.9.4;26.4 Contents of a Business Scenario;343 3.9.5;26.5 Contributions to the Business Scenario;345 3.9.6;26.6 Business Scenarios and the TOGAF ADM;345 3.9.7;26.7 Guidelines on Developing Business Scenarios;347 3.9.8;26.8 Guidelines on Business Scenario Documentation;349 3.9.9;26.9 Guidelines on Goals and Objectives;350 3.9.10;26.10 Summary;356 3.10;Chapter 27: Gap Analysis;358 3.10.1;27.1 Introduction;358 3.10.2;27.2 Suggested Steps;359 3.10.3;27.3 Example;359 3.11;Chapter 28: Migration Planning Techniques;362 3.11.1;28.1 Implementation Factor Assessment and Deduction Matrix;362 3.11.2;28.2 Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies Matrix;363 3.11.3;28.3 Architecture Definition Increments Table;363 3.11.4;28.4 Enterprise Architecture State Evolution Table;364 3.11.5;28.5 Business Value Assessment Technique;365 3.12;Chapter 29: Interoperability Requirements;366 3.12.1;29.1 Overview;366 3.12.2;29.2 Defining Interoperability;367 3.12.3;29.3 Enterprise Operating Model;368 3.12.4;29.4 Refining Interoperability;369 3.12.5;29.5 Determining Interoperability Requirements;370 3.12.6;29.6 Reconciling Interoperability Requirements with Potential Solutions;371 3.12.7;29.7 Summary;372 3.13;Chapter 30: Business Transformation Readiness Assessment;374 3.13.1;30.1 Introduction;374 3.13.2;30.2 Determine Readiness Factors;375 3.13.3;30.3 Present Readiness Factors;377 3.13.4;30.4 Assess Readiness Factors;378 3.13.5;30.5 Readiness and Migration Planning;381 3.13.6;30.6 Marketing the Implementation Plan;381 3.13.7;30.7 Conclusion;382 3.14;Chapter 31: Risk Management;384 3.14.1;31.1 Introduction;384 3.14.2;31.2 Risk Classification;385 3.14.3;31.3 Risk Identification;385 3.14.4;31.4 Initial Risk Assessment;386 3.14.5;31.5 Ri
sk Mitigation and Residual Risk Assessment;387 3.14.6;31.6 Conduct Residual Risk Assessment;387 3.14.7;31.7 Risk Monitoring and Governance (Phase G);388 3.14.8;31.8 Summary;388 3.15;Chapter 32: Capability-Based Planning;390 3.15.1;32.1 Overview;390 3.15.2;32.2 Capability-Based Planning Paradigm;391 3.15.3;32.3 Concept of Capability-Based Planning;391 3.15.4;32.4 Capabilities in an Enterprise Architecture Context;394 3.15.5;32.5 Summary;395 4;Part IV: Architecture Content Framework;396 4.1;Chapter 33: Introduction;398 4.2;Chapter 34: Content Metamodel;404 4.2.1;34.1 Overview;404 4.2.2;34.2 Content Metamodel Vision and Concepts;404 4.2.3;34.3 Content Metamodel in Detail;412 4.2.4;34.4 Content Metamodel Extensions;417 4.2.5;34.5 Content Metamodel Objects;430 4.2.6;34.6 Content Metamodel Attributes;433 4.2.7;34.7 Metamodel Relationships;443 4.3;Chapter 35: Architectural Artifacts;448 4.3.1;35.1 Basic Concepts;448 4.3.2;35.2 Developing Views in the ADM;451 4.3.3;35.3 Views, Tools, and Languages;453 4.3.4;35.4 Views and Viewpoints;453 4.3.5;35.5 Conclusions;455 4.3.6;35.6 Taxonomy of Architecture Viewpoints;456 4.3.7;35.7 Viewpoints in the Preliminary Phase;457 4.3.8;35.8 Viewpoints in Phase A;458 4.3.9;35.9 Viewpoints in Phase B;459 4.3.10;35.10 Viewpoints in the Phase C Data Architecture;465 4.3.11;35.11 Viewpoints in the Phase C Application Architecture;468 4.3.12;35.12 Viewpoints in Phase D;474 4.3.13;35.13 Viewpoints in Phase E;478 4.3.14;35.14 Viewpoints for Requirements Management;479 4.3.15;35.15 Developing a Business Architecture View;480 4.3.16;35.16 Developing an Enterprise Security View;482 4.3.17;35.17 Developing a Software Engineering View;486 4.3.18;35.18 Developing a System Engineering View;496 4.3.19;35.19 Developing a Communications Engineering View;502 4.3.20;35.20 Developing a Data Flow View;507 4.3.21;35.21 Developing an Enterprise Manageability View;512 4.3.22;35.22 Developing an Acquirer View;515 4.4;Chapter 36: Architecture Deliverables;518 4.4.1;3
6.1 Introduction;518 4.4.2;36.2 Deliverable Descriptions;519 4.5;Chapter 37: Building Blocks;536 4.5.1;37.1 Overview;536 4.5.2;37.2 Introduction to Building Blocks;536 4.5.3;37.3 Building Blocks and the ADM;539 4.5.4;37.4 Building Blocks Example;541 5;Part V: Enterprise Continuum and Tools;564 5.1;Chapter 38: Introduction;566 5.1.1;38.1 Introduction;566 5.1.2;38.2 Structure of Par t V;566 5.2;Chapter 39: Enterprise Continuum;568 5.2.1;39.1 Overview;568 5.2.2;39.2 Enterprise Continuum and Architecture Re-Use;568 5.2.3;39.3 Constituents of the Enterprise Continuum;569 5.2.4;39.4 Enterprise Continuum in Detail;570 5.2.5;39.5 Relationship between the Enterprise Continuum and TOGAF ADM;576 5.2.6;39.6 Enterprise Continuum and Your Organization;576 5.3;Chapter 40: Architecture Partitioning;580 5.3.1;40.1 Overview;580 5.3.2;40.2 Characteristics of Solutions;581 5.3.3;40.3 Characteristics of Architectures;581 5.3.4;40.4 Applying Classification to Create Partitioned Architectures;582 5.4;Chapter 41: Architecture Repository;596 5.4.1;41.1 Overview;596 5.4.2;41.2 Architecture Landscape;598 5.4.3;41.3 Reference Library;598 5.4.4;41.4 Standards Information Base;599 5.4.5;41.5 Governance Log;601 5.5;Chapter 42: Tools for Architecture Development;604 5.5.1;42.1 Overview;604 5.5.2;42.2 Issues in Tool Standardization;604 5.5.3;42.3 Evaluation Criteria and Guidelines;605 5.6;Part VI: TOGAF Reference Models;610 5.7;Chapter 43: Foundation Architecture: Technical Reference Model;612 5.7.1;43.1 Concepts;612 5.7.2;43.2 High-Level Breakdown;613 5.7.3;43.3 TRM in Detail;615 5.7.4;43.4 Application Platform Taxonomy;621 5.7.5;43.5 Detailed Platform Taxonomy;627 5.8;Chapter 44: Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model;644 5.8.1;44.1 Basic Concepts;644 5.8.2;44.2 High-Level View;648 5.8.3;44.3 Detailed Taxonomy;652 6;Part VII: Architecture Capability Framework;664 6.1;Chapter 45: Introduction;666 6.1.1;45.1 Overview;666 6.1.2;45.2 Structure of Part VII;667 6.2;Chapter 46: Establishi
ng an Architecture Capability;668 6.2.1;46.1 Overview;668 6.2.2;46.2 Phase A: Architecture Vision;669 6.2.3;46.3 Phase B: Business Architecture;670 6.2.4;46.4 Phase C: Information Systems Architecture Data;671 6.2.5;46.5 Phase C: Information Systems Architecture Application;671 6.2.6;46.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture;671 6.2.7;46.7 Phase E: Opportunities & Solutions;671 6.2.8;46.8 Phase F: Migration Planning;671 6.2.9;46.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance;672 6.2.10;46.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management;672 6.2.11;46.11 Requirements Management;672 6.3;Chapter 47: Architecture Board;674 6.3.1;47.1 Role;674 6.3.2;47.2 Responsibilities;675 6.3.3;47.3 Setting Up the Architecture Board;676 6.3.4;47.4 Operation of the Architecture Board;677 6.4;Chapter 48: Architecture Compliance;682 6.4.1;48.1 Introduction;682 6.4.2;48.2 Terminology: The Meaning of Architecture Compliance;682 6.4.3;48.3 Architecture Compliance Reviews;684 6.4.4;48.4 Architecture Compliance Review Process;686 6.4.5;48.5 Architecture Compliance Review Checklists;690 6.4.6;48.6 Architecture Compliance Review Guidelines;702 6.5;Chapter 49: Architecture Contracts;704 6.5.1;49.1 Role;704 6.5.2;49.2 Contents;705 6.5.3;49.3 Relationship to Architecture Governance;707 6.6;Chapter 50: Architecture Governance;708 6.6.1;50.1 Introduction;708 6.6.2;50.2 Architecture Governance Framework;712 6.6.3;50.3 Architecture Governance in Practice;717 6.7;Chapter 51: Architecture Maturity Models;720 6.7.1;51.1 Overview;720 6.7.2;51.2 Background;721 6.7.3;51.3 US DoC ACMM Framework;722 6.7.4;51.4 Capability Maturity Models Integration (CMMI);726 6.7.5;51.5 Conclusions;727 6.8;Chapter 52: Architecture Skills Framework;728 6.8.1;52.1 Introduction;728 6.8.2;52.2 Need for an Enterprise Architecture Skills Framework;728 6.8.3;52.3 Goals/Rationale;730 6.8.4;52.4 Enterprise Architecture Role and Skill Categories;731 6.8.5;52.5 Enterprise Architecture Role and Skill Definitions;733 6.8.6;52.6 Generic Role and Skills of the
Enterprise Architect;737 6.8.7;52.7 Conclusions;741 7;Part VIII: Appendices;742 7.1;Appendix A: Glossary of Supplementary Definitions;744 7.2;Appendix B: Abbreviations;760 8;Index;766