Sofort lieferbar (Download)
Geodesy: The Concepts, Second Edition focuses on the processes, approaches, and methodologies employed in geodesy, including gravity field and motions of the earth and geodetic methodology.
The book first underscores the history of geodesy, mathematics and geodesy, and geodesy and other disciplines. Discussions focus on algebra, geometry, statistics, symbolic relation between geodesy and other sciences, applications of geodesy, and the historical beginnings of geodesy. The text then ponders on the structure of geodesy, as well as functions of geodesy and geodetic theory and practice.
The publication examines the motions, gravity field, deformations in time, and size and shape of earth. Topics include tidal phenomena, tectonic deformations, actual shape of the earth, gravity anomaly and potential, and observed polar motion and spin velocity variations. The elements of geodetic methodology, classes of mathematical models, and formulation and solving of problems are also mentioned.
The text is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the concepts involved in geodesy.
The book first underscores the history of geodesy, mathematics and geodesy, and geodesy and other disciplines. Discussions focus on algebra, geometry, statistics, symbolic relation between geodesy and other sciences, applications of geodesy, and the historical beginnings of geodesy. The text then ponders on the structure of geodesy, as well as functions of geodesy and geodetic theory and practice.
The publication examines the motions, gravity field, deformations in time, and size and shape of earth. Topics include tidal phenomena, tectonic deformations, actual shape of the earth, gravity anomaly and potential, and observed polar motion and spin velocity variations. The elements of geodetic methodology, classes of mathematical models, and formulation and solving of problems are also mentioned.
The text is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the concepts involved in geodesy.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Front Cover;1 2;Geodesy: The Concepts;4 3;Copyright Page;5 4;Table of Contents;12 5;Dedication;6 6;FOREWORD;8 7;FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION;11 8;PART I: INTRODUCTION;18 8.1;CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF GEODESY;20 8.1.1;1.1. Historical beginnings of geodesy;21 8.1.2;1.2. Scientific beginnings of geodesy;25 8.1.3;1.3. Geodesy in the service of mapping;31 8.1.4;1.4. Geodesy of the modern era;33 8.2;CHAPTER 2. GEODESY AND OTHER DISCIPLINES;36 8.2.1;2.1. Applications of geodesy;36 8.2.2;2.2. Symbiotic relation between geodesy and some other sciences;38 8.2.3;2.3. Theoretical basis of geodesy;40 8.3;CHAPTER 3. MATHEMATICS AND GEODESY;42 8.3.1;3.1. Algebra;42 8.3.2;3.2. Analysis;47 8.3.3;3.3. Geometry;54 8.3.4;3.4. Statistics;58 8.4;CHAPTER 4. STRUCTURE OF GEODESY;62 8.4.1;4.1. Functions of geodesy;62 8.4.2;4.2. Geodetic theory;64 8.4.3;4.3. Geodetic practice;65 8.4.4;4.4. Geodetic profession;67 8.5;REFERENCES;69 9;PART II: THE EARTH;72 9.1;CHAPTER 5. EARTH AND ITS MOTIONS;74 9.1.1;5.1. Earth's annual motion;74 9.1.2;5.2. Earth's spin, precession, and nutation;76 9.1.3;5.3. Earth's free nutation;80 9.1.4;5.4. Observed polar motion and spin velocity variations;83 9.2;CHAPTER 6. EARTH AND ITS GRAVITY FIELD;87 9.2.1;6.1. Gravity field;87 9.2.2;6.2. Gravity anomaly;93 9.2.3;6.3. Gravity potential;99 9.2.4;6.4. Geoid and deflections of the vertical;104 9.3;CHAPTER 7. EARTH AND ITS SIZE AND SHAPE;114 9.3.1;7.1. Actual shape of the earth;114 9.3.2;7.2. Geoid as a figure of the earth;121 9.3.3;7.3. Biaxial ellipsoid as a figure of the earth;127 9.3.4;7.4. Other mathematical figures of the earth;134 9.4;CHAPTER 8. EARTH AND ITS DEFORMATIONS IN TIME;140 9.4.1;8.1. Tidal phenomena;141 9.4.2;8.2. Crustal loading deformations;147 9.4.3;8.3. Tectonic deformations;155 9.4.4;8.4. Man-made and other deformations;160 9.5;CHAPTER 9. EARTH AND ITS ATMOSPHERE;168 9.5.1;9.1. Some physical properties of the atmosphere;168 9.5.2;9.2. Wave propagation through the atmosphere and water;172 9.5.3;9.3.
Temporal variations of the atmosphere;178 9.5.4;9.4. Gravitational field of the atmosphere;181 9.6;REFERENCES;184 10;PART III: METHODOLOGY;190 10.1;CHAPTER 10. ELEMENTS OF GEODETIC METHODOLOGY;192 10.1.1;10.1. General procedure;192 10.1.2;10.2. Formulation of the mathematical model;194 10.1.3;10.3. Observables and their properties;198 10.1.4;10.4. Vector of observables;205 10.2;CHAPTER 11. CLASSES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS;208 10.2.1;11.1. Classification of models;208 10.2.2;11.2. Models with a unique solution;213 10.2.3;11.3. Models with an underdetermined solution;215 10.2.4;11.4. Models with an overdetermined solution;217 10.3;CHAPTER 12. LEAST-SQUARES SOLUTION OF OVERDETERMINED MODELS;219 10.3.1;12.1. Formulation of the least-squares problem;219 10.3.2;12.2. Solution of the least-squares problem;221 10.3.3;12.3. Covariance matrices of the results;226 10.4;CHAPTER 13. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS;231 10.4.1;13.1. Hilert space and statistics;231 10.4.2;13.2. Statistical testing;237 10.4.3;13.3. Assessment of observations of one observable;242 10.4.4;13.4. Simultaneous assessment of observations and mathematical models;248 10.4.5;13.5. Assessment of the determined parameters;256 10.5;CHAPTER 14. FORMULATION AND SOLVING OF PROBLEMS;259 10.5.1;14.1. Optimal accuracy design;260 10.5.2;14.2. Analysis of trend;262 10.5.3;14.3. Adjustment of observations;275 10.5.4;14.4. Problems with a priori knowledge about the parameters;281 10.5.5;14.5. Problems with constraints and singularities;286 10.5.6;14.6. Step-by-step procedures in dynamic and static problems;293 10.6;REFERENCES;301 11;PART IV: POSITIONING;306 11.1;CHAPTER 15. POINT POSITIONING;308 11.1.1;15.1. Fundamentals of geodetic astronomy;309 11.1.2;15.2. Astronomical positioning;321 11.1.3;15.3. Satellite positioning;326 11.1.4;15.4. Transformations of terrestrial positions;340 11.2;CHAPTER 16. RELATIVE POSITIONING;352 11.2.1;16.1. Relative three-dimensional positioning;352 11.2.2;16.2. Relative horizontal positioning on refere
nce ellipsoid;364 11.2.3;16.3. Relative horizontal positioning on conformal map;372 11.2.4;16.4. Relative vertical positioning;381 11.3;CHAPTER 17. THREE-DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS;391 11.3.1;17.1. Three-dimensional networks using terrestrial observations;391 11.3.2;17.2. Photogrammetrical networks;398 11.3.3;17.3. Three-dimensional networks using extraterrestrial observations;402 11.3.4;17.4. Assessment and merger of three-dimensional networks;407 11.4;CHAPTER 18. HORIZONTAL NETWORKS;413 11.4.1;18.1. Horizontal datum;413 11.4.2;18.2. Mathematical models and their solution;417 11.4.3;18.3. Assessment, expansion, and merger of horizontal networks;424 11.4.4;18.4. Marine positioning;433 11.5;CHAPTER 19. HEIGHT NETWORKS;440 11.5.1;19.1. Vertical datum;440 11.5.2;19.2. Mathematical models for levelling;445 11.5.3;19.3. Assessment and design of height networks;455 11.5.4;19.4. Other heighting concepts;458 11.6;REFERENCES;464 12;PART V: EARTH'S GRAVITY FIELD;474 12.1;CHAPTER 20. GLOBAL TREATMENT OF THE GRAVITY FIELD;476 12.1.1;20.1. Fundamental equations for gravity potential;476 12.1.2;20.2. Eigenfunction development of gravitational potential;484 12.1.3;20.3. Model gravity field;494 12.1.4;20.4. Disturbing potential;500 12.2;CHAPTER 21. LOCAL TREATMENT OF THE GRAVITY FIELD;506 12.2.1;21.1. Conversion of disturbing potential into other field parameters;506 12.2.2;21.2. Vertical gradient of gravity;514 12.2.3;21.3. Curvature of the plumb line;520 12.2.4;21.4. Topographical and isostatic effects;525 12.3;CHAPTER 22. DETERMINATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD FROM GRAVITY OBSERVATIONS;533 12.3.1;22.1. Stokes's concept;533 12.3.2;22.2. Molodenskij's concept;543 12.3.3;22.3. Gravimetry;551 12.3.4;22.4. Evaluation of the surface integrals;556 12.4;CHAPTER 23. DETERMINATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD FROM OBSERVATIONS TO SATELLITES;563 12.4.1;23.1. Satellites and the gravitational field;563 12.4.2;23.2. Prediction of orbits;566 12.4.3;23.3. Analysis of orbital perturbations;571 12.4.4;23.4. Evalua
tion of gravity field parameters;576 12.5;CHAPTER 24. DETERMINATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD FROM DEFLECTIONS AND FROM HETEROGENEOUS DATA;581 12.5.1;24.1. Geometrical solution for the geoid;581 12.5.2;24.2. Transformation of gravity field parameters;586 12.5.3;24.3. Densification and refinement of deflections of the vertical;589 12.5.4;24.4. Solutions for the geoid from heterogeneous data;593 12.6;REFERENCES;598 13;PART VI: TEMPORAL VARIATIONS;602 13.1;CHAPTER 25. CORRECTIONS FOR TEMPORAL VARIATIONS;604 13.1.1;25.1. Elastic response to tidal stress;604 13.1.2;25.2. Tidal corrections;609 13.1.3;25.3. Corrections due to sea tide effects;617 13.1.4;25.4. Corrections due to polar motion deformations, and other causes;624 13.2;CHAPTER 26. DETECTION OF VERTICAL MOVEMENTS;628 13.2.1;26.1. Sources of information on vertical movements;628 13.2.2;26.2. Interdependence of temporal variations of gravity and heights;632 13.2.3;26.3. Vertical displacement profiles;636 13.2.4;26.4. Areal modelling of vertical movements;642 13.3;CHAPTER 27. DETECTION OF HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS;650 13.3.1;27.1. Sources of information on horizontal movements;650 13.3.2;27.2. Comparison of horizontal positions;655 13.3.3;27.3. Direct evaluation of horizontal displacements;660 13.3.4;27.4. Strain, shear, and other models;666 13.4;REFERENCES;673 14;AUTHOR INDEX;678 15;SUBJECT INDEX;686
Temporal variations of the atmosphere;178 9.5.4;9.4. Gravitational field of the atmosphere;181 9.6;REFERENCES;184 10;PART III: METHODOLOGY;190 10.1;CHAPTER 10. ELEMENTS OF GEODETIC METHODOLOGY;192 10.1.1;10.1. General procedure;192 10.1.2;10.2. Formulation of the mathematical model;194 10.1.3;10.3. Observables and their properties;198 10.1.4;10.4. Vector of observables;205 10.2;CHAPTER 11. CLASSES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS;208 10.2.1;11.1. Classification of models;208 10.2.2;11.2. Models with a unique solution;213 10.2.3;11.3. Models with an underdetermined solution;215 10.2.4;11.4. Models with an overdetermined solution;217 10.3;CHAPTER 12. LEAST-SQUARES SOLUTION OF OVERDETERMINED MODELS;219 10.3.1;12.1. Formulation of the least-squares problem;219 10.3.2;12.2. Solution of the least-squares problem;221 10.3.3;12.3. Covariance matrices of the results;226 10.4;CHAPTER 13. ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS;231 10.4.1;13.1. Hilert space and statistics;231 10.4.2;13.2. Statistical testing;237 10.4.3;13.3. Assessment of observations of one observable;242 10.4.4;13.4. Simultaneous assessment of observations and mathematical models;248 10.4.5;13.5. Assessment of the determined parameters;256 10.5;CHAPTER 14. FORMULATION AND SOLVING OF PROBLEMS;259 10.5.1;14.1. Optimal accuracy design;260 10.5.2;14.2. Analysis of trend;262 10.5.3;14.3. Adjustment of observations;275 10.5.4;14.4. Problems with a priori knowledge about the parameters;281 10.5.5;14.5. Problems with constraints and singularities;286 10.5.6;14.6. Step-by-step procedures in dynamic and static problems;293 10.6;REFERENCES;301 11;PART IV: POSITIONING;306 11.1;CHAPTER 15. POINT POSITIONING;308 11.1.1;15.1. Fundamentals of geodetic astronomy;309 11.1.2;15.2. Astronomical positioning;321 11.1.3;15.3. Satellite positioning;326 11.1.4;15.4. Transformations of terrestrial positions;340 11.2;CHAPTER 16. RELATIVE POSITIONING;352 11.2.1;16.1. Relative three-dimensional positioning;352 11.2.2;16.2. Relative horizontal positioning on refere
nce ellipsoid;364 11.2.3;16.3. Relative horizontal positioning on conformal map;372 11.2.4;16.4. Relative vertical positioning;381 11.3;CHAPTER 17. THREE-DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS;391 11.3.1;17.1. Three-dimensional networks using terrestrial observations;391 11.3.2;17.2. Photogrammetrical networks;398 11.3.3;17.3. Three-dimensional networks using extraterrestrial observations;402 11.3.4;17.4. Assessment and merger of three-dimensional networks;407 11.4;CHAPTER 18. HORIZONTAL NETWORKS;413 11.4.1;18.1. Horizontal datum;413 11.4.2;18.2. Mathematical models and their solution;417 11.4.3;18.3. Assessment, expansion, and merger of horizontal networks;424 11.4.4;18.4. Marine positioning;433 11.5;CHAPTER 19. HEIGHT NETWORKS;440 11.5.1;19.1. Vertical datum;440 11.5.2;19.2. Mathematical models for levelling;445 11.5.3;19.3. Assessment and design of height networks;455 11.5.4;19.4. Other heighting concepts;458 11.6;REFERENCES;464 12;PART V: EARTH'S GRAVITY FIELD;474 12.1;CHAPTER 20. GLOBAL TREATMENT OF THE GRAVITY FIELD;476 12.1.1;20.1. Fundamental equations for gravity potential;476 12.1.2;20.2. Eigenfunction development of gravitational potential;484 12.1.3;20.3. Model gravity field;494 12.1.4;20.4. Disturbing potential;500 12.2;CHAPTER 21. LOCAL TREATMENT OF THE GRAVITY FIELD;506 12.2.1;21.1. Conversion of disturbing potential into other field parameters;506 12.2.2;21.2. Vertical gradient of gravity;514 12.2.3;21.3. Curvature of the plumb line;520 12.2.4;21.4. Topographical and isostatic effects;525 12.3;CHAPTER 22. DETERMINATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD FROM GRAVITY OBSERVATIONS;533 12.3.1;22.1. Stokes's concept;533 12.3.2;22.2. Molodenskij's concept;543 12.3.3;22.3. Gravimetry;551 12.3.4;22.4. Evaluation of the surface integrals;556 12.4;CHAPTER 23. DETERMINATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD FROM OBSERVATIONS TO SATELLITES;563 12.4.1;23.1. Satellites and the gravitational field;563 12.4.2;23.2. Prediction of orbits;566 12.4.3;23.3. Analysis of orbital perturbations;571 12.4.4;23.4. Evalua
tion of gravity field parameters;576 12.5;CHAPTER 24. DETERMINATION OF THE GRAVITY FIELD FROM DEFLECTIONS AND FROM HETEROGENEOUS DATA;581 12.5.1;24.1. Geometrical solution for the geoid;581 12.5.2;24.2. Transformation of gravity field parameters;586 12.5.3;24.3. Densification and refinement of deflections of the vertical;589 12.5.4;24.4. Solutions for the geoid from heterogeneous data;593 12.6;REFERENCES;598 13;PART VI: TEMPORAL VARIATIONS;602 13.1;CHAPTER 25. CORRECTIONS FOR TEMPORAL VARIATIONS;604 13.1.1;25.1. Elastic response to tidal stress;604 13.1.2;25.2. Tidal corrections;609 13.1.3;25.3. Corrections due to sea tide effects;617 13.1.4;25.4. Corrections due to polar motion deformations, and other causes;624 13.2;CHAPTER 26. DETECTION OF VERTICAL MOVEMENTS;628 13.2.1;26.1. Sources of information on vertical movements;628 13.2.2;26.2. Interdependence of temporal variations of gravity and heights;632 13.2.3;26.3. Vertical displacement profiles;636 13.2.4;26.4. Areal modelling of vertical movements;642 13.3;CHAPTER 27. DETECTION OF HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS;650 13.3.1;27.1. Sources of information on horizontal movements;650 13.3.2;27.2. Comparison of horizontal positions;655 13.3.3;27.3. Direct evaluation of horizontal displacements;660 13.3.4;27.4. Strain, shear, and other models;666 13.4;REFERENCES;673 14;AUTHOR INDEX;678 15;SUBJECT INDEX;686
Produktdetails
Erscheinungsdatum
03. Juni 2015
Sprache
englisch
Seitenanzahl
714
Autor/Autorin
P. Vanícek, E. J. Krakiwsky
Verlag/Hersteller
Kopierschutz
mit Wasserzeichen versehen
Produktart
EBOOK
Dateiformat
PDF
ISBN
9781483290799
Entdecken Sie mehr
Bewertungen
0 Bewertungen
Es wurden noch keine Bewertungen abgegeben. Schreiben Sie die erste Bewertung zu "Geodesy" und helfen Sie damit anderen bei der Kaufentscheidung.